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Well, good evening everybody, and welcome to this anniversary talk on Chinese communism from 1922 through to the President, there's little doubt, I would suggest that China is one of the major nations on the globe, and whose history and future has determined
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and will determine matter what happens, internationally.
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So there's no doubt that China is a critical pivotal part of international relations.
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And to put it in perspective.
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If I can put up one or two slides to show the background before we launch in, as it were, into 1922.
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If I can share this with you.
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You should be able to see the heading.
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There we go. So, that's our theme.
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That is that is me.
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If we could just for a moment or two because the geography of China is so significant in its history. That is a truism Of course of any nation is geography helps shape it as a country, as a nation, but in a particular sense, China needs attention geographically.
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It shares size.
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It's the size of the United States, you could argue a little bit less with a bit more, depending on how you measure the land mass is a huge continent really not million nation, and from its earliest day, the great problem for the Chinese authority, the
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Chinese Emperor. And then, the imperial system goes back some 3000 years, the great problem was how do you control the country. So luggage. With such a limited resources in the pre mechanized Age Of course, extremely difficult to move around China, and
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with its mountains and rivers and its marshes, very difficult.
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Purely in terms of navigating the territory plan you left alone those new air. So that's always been a problem.
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And I think the reason why that's so important is that when we come to look, the Chinese structure from 1922 on one of the key things is authority. How does the authority of the day, impose itself.
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But I walked reference. Does it maintain its authority.
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Does it maintain its authority. And I'd suggest that that's a key factor in all aspects of Chinese history, the attempt of the authorities whether communist authorities under Mao of the present system or going back to the Imperial era of the Emperor's,
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how do those authorities impose themselves. And in the sense that dictates the nature of politics. And we'll see that I think as we go through. And I thought, just a word on China in relation to it surrounding it has not sure of course to the north, the
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greatest rival neighbor. Going back many centuries, and to the west.
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I think areas, usually ending in the word stuff hasn't done, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, and as you well know, the word Stan attached to the national title refers to it, Muslim identity.
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So the states to the west of China are strongly, Muslim, in terms of population. and in terms of attitude.
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And that's created problems for modern China which we can touch on as we go through.
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If we go to the north, we have Russia disputed Eric Mongolia, we go to the east, we have the seas, and we have the greatest rival rival of neighbor Japan.
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And then of course Southeast Asia.
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And then this, this large area of see across the Pacific, to what becomes the United States. And so, China normally felt that it was required to look inward rather than outward.
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That does change over time, but I think it's an inward looking society. I think one could claim that for, it's three millennia, that existed in form, we think of it.
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Just to retro appetite here is the flag of the People's Republic today, the People's Republic of China.
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Character just to mention before we go on.
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Kai Shek.
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the great rival about to Tom, and the first create one could say, of modern China.
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One's political views I think most would agree that Chiang Kai Shek is a vital figure in the whole China story, even though in most texts now, you read Chinese texts, you get a very low rating, often very little upset about it.
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But trying to be detached from the political argument, one would say he is a former to figure. And I see that I hope, as we go through.
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And we have this great rival.
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And the great founder of modern communism, about to come, an idealized or stylized picture.
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It can I offer here, what I would call our defining factors that help us understand, China and white became communist in the way that it did and why it continues in that vein.
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The first one I've mentioned, is not Confucius sometimes is confused with a religious thinker.
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He wasn't religious in the sense that we'd understand. He didn't believe in god or gods. He didn't deny the existence.
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He said, they are so ineffable so detached from humanity. We can't know them. So why waste our time considering what we must do instead is great, philosophical viewpoint.
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we must look at the world as it is.
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We must essentially be realists look at the world as you do.
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Because if we don't, we will misunderstand nature, and we will misunderstand our place in the natural order of things.
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So Confucianism, a vital factor in creating a mindset of of Chinese thought, which I would argue goes right through to today.
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Officially, Confucianism was banned rejected
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regulated out of existence communist tried.
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They nonetheless recognize that it was an underlining separate theories that could not be ignored.
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And what happens in practice is that modern Chinese communist build Confucianism into their system, but I think we can touch on that it goes through a second key factor as China's view of itself, historically, as the center of the earth.
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If you know your Mandarin, you know, that is ignore the Chinese China means the center of the Middle Kingdom sometimes. In other words, we Chinese are the center of the world, and everyone else radio radiate out from us.
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We are set to sun and all other nations there like satellites, around.
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There's a deep sense in Chinese history of a self centeredness and off supremacy.
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We are supreme culture, and all other cultures are inferior to us, which is why we don't need to deal with them.
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This is one of the fascinating aspects of nearly 2000 years of Chinese history. We don't need relations with foreigners.
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Now of course they did in terms of trade and exchange and vital goods.
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But there was put it in the sense that these goods coming into China with tribute from the inferior peoples to the superior ones, the Chinese. And I stress that because it goes deep into Chinese thought and help to shape Chinese communist.
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Why does China have a long running ideological battle with the Soviet Union, because it's over the ideology of Marxism coming.
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Right.
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And the Russians.
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The Russians the bug fix the Soviet target problem.
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And of course there's attack, because the Soviet Union claimed during the first have had the great Marxist revolution, therefore had priority and interpretation of what revolution actually meant.
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And that's a long running dispute that goes down into site no Russian relations today.
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Although Russia, of course, is no longer communist formerly the legacy of that sino Soviet rivalry still has an impact on the current relations between the two countries.
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A third key factor in the 19th century.
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China fell under the sway of what they called the foreign foreign nations, led by the United Kingdom by Britain and the main soon joined by France in Germany later, Portugal, you could name various European countries to impose themselves on China.
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In the 19th century, beginning, you can date at 34 sites to 1839.
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When Britain launched the first Super Opium Wars, which applies the Chinese to take in large, open, or else be bombarded else have their thoughts and their body by English warships, which will be happening.
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Now this was deeply humiliating imagine the reaction, you are thinking of yourself as a supreme culture, and you're suddenly brought face to face with the reality that you're not sure, at least, logically, and really truly that you can't you can't match
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the West.
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In firepower.
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And that went very deep to Chinese sense of humiliation.
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And the resolve came, we must end this humiliation. But how do we do it.
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The only way to do it ironic is by copying the West in its best aspects commercially and economically and militarily, and that is what begins to happen, but you can, you can send the tension in China with no to believe that are the way forward.
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And those are clung to the path to take note. We have nothing to do with the outside world.
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Well the reality was the outside world had impose itself on China.
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In the 19th into the 20th century.
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Coming to a false critical factor I'd offer in 1919. And again, we could say, we take this precisely the fourth of May, so called. It was on that day that the Chinese were informed that the best Treaty Negotiations in Paris, which settled.
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The First World War, the geographical settlement after the war.
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The Chinese were told, you have no place in these negotiations. You're not invited into the not invited in, and you will simply have to accept the conclusions and recommendations and settlements that we arrived at.
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And the big humiliation one that went deepest was the German territories that obviously being lost by Germany, as a result of its defeated war, and the Chinese as they had been promised by the expected to get them back to make your profits.
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It must come back to us as Chinese, but the Allies at their side, said no, it goes to Japan.
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Japan the old enemy.
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That really hurt. And so there. There's an outbreak, led by the students in Beijing. Fourth of may 1990 when they came out in, in protest against this deep humiliation and the dramatic story they got that you can read in Chinese textbooks now is that
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one student was painting on a plaque on denouncing Western devil foreign devils, and he ran out of pate. So you bet his arm, the wrist stripped the skin back to the elbow, the blood flow dipped his brush in the flowing blood and finished.
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finished his slogan, whether that's an apocryphal story doesn't really matter, it's one that's gone into Chinese textbooks, lot of Chinese children, introduced to this as foreign domination and beat as a sign of resistance of the young against foreign
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domination.
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And the fifth one I've mentioned as a critical factor. I touched on, already in the sense sinus topic relation. It conditions so much of what happens to Chinese communism.
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Let's come to that, more precisely.
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I mentioned Confucius. I just before you leave here.
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I just quote, a couple of things there that give you the flavor of the impact that he still had right through to today saying of his its responsibility of each individual to accept the words they find it and turn late harmoniously to it.
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Now why does that matter, because it creates the notion, the concept of hierarchy that everyone has his or her place in society, but didn't order structured hierarchy.
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That is how life is. That's how nature.
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And you can't kick against without creating disharmony.
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And the great word confusion theory is hard.
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Happiness can only be achieved by harmony. And that means you relate to your fellow be in as understanding your way as you can. So selfishness, is a great challenge.
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So the collective principle you act harmoniously in the collective.
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And I think, see how that lends itself very easily into communist theory later.
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But you you selected as the great engine of history, the great dynamic history is connectivity in the Marxist sense of course is class solidarity against the upper class with exploiting, but it marries very, very smoothly with the confusion concept.
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And just on confusions hierarchy, what was called the song gang, which simplified.
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Is this these are the three, three elements, loyalty of the people to the Emperor was absent. It cannot be fired it cannot be denied has to be obeyed.
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The second one.
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Why is must obey husband's why you might ask. Today, well because in confusion thinking.
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The male was superior in natural terms to the female lead you to challenge that but that's that's a confusion principle. And the third one.
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In the sun going principal respective children towards parents, children did not have minds of their own. They had to conform to the parents. That is why they were told to marry.
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They are falling in love and choosing your part.
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No, no, that's that's that's Western sentimental.
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Marriage is good and worthy is arranged by the parents of both parties, you don't let young people fall for each other because they will create disharmony with your taste but I just offer it as the three basic principles in confusion, and also that come
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this notion of hierarchy. Everybody has a place.
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And again to translate that into communist me later.
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The idea of class conflict. The idea of leadership. For those who are informed the class leaders, and the followers. That's basic to Maoism to communism, that not everybody knows the mechanics of the laws of society, the Marxist claim they did they still
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do those boxes. They understood the social relationships that based upon exploitation class against class, and Chinese communism took that out.
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And ladies over it's already existing hierarchical motion.
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That's why it fits very very philosophically.
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Well, let me sprint through McDonald's but it just to set it up for us, our own centuries.
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These are the key elements in the development of Chinese history.
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Over two millennia of imperial rule of various houses, based in the states climax, with the Ching Dynasty.
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In the early 20th century when it collapses.
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We mentioned Western exploitation critical factor in the 19th century. We have the revolution of 1911, called the Chinese up numbers, the double 10th 10th of October, where the changes.
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After the industry is going back 2000 years class, it fell in the face of rebellion, its own army rebels against it collapsed. What took its place with the Republic, and many revolutions are the great day has gone, we cannot have a truly revolutionary
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progressive China, because we've got rid of the old Imperial handicaps.
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It didn't follow that way because what sets in his warlord is, which is to say that because central authority had broken down with the removal of the Empire advocates, the Imperial house up not overthrown abdicate.
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But what's left is a republic, but the Republic has no real power.
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And what happened is the local magnets local, local official setup government, and their own terms in their own area.
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So you have China split up into a whole series of pockets of individual rule.
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If I cook the walls of the roses in England, that's, that's not too good to reference it give us the idea. Central Have you broke down and local magnate, a circuit.
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Now for many revolutionaries this well as bad as the system that had been overthrown or they're just collecting it.
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There couldn't be national unity, if you have warlords. And so what happens is that the two major revolutionary parties have grown up in the late 19th early 20th century come together to fight against the warlords.
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And that's how we have the birth of communism in a formal sense, because in 1951 52, the Communist Party is for.
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And it allies with the Gatling gun. The People's Party, or the nationalists. The biggest.
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But those are both revenue parties. They both believe in destroying the warlords, and they believe in getting rid of the foreigner, then the twin. And they, they share their for basic view of the policy that should follow that lasts for about five years
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They ally in the so called northern expedition. And they, they bring down they break up most of the powerful warlords not all of them, but most of all odds are broken.
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And it's a leader of the Nationalist Party can Kai Shek.
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He then turned on his allies the communists and endeavors to destroy the Janka big to Moscow to train as a revolution.
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And what he saw with communism in Moscow.
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He came to the test.
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It was totally unscripted to the Chinese context. And he believed that if communism was allowed to flourish in China, it would destroy any chance of Chinese progress.
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Any chance of China restoring software, it's great.
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They've been broken and damaged by the foreign in positions.
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So, can turn 1927, he turns on his former communist allies in the so called White Terror.
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In the major cities like Shanghai, and he tempted strike physically all the comments are rounded up and shot in public, most of them very nearly wiped out comments, but not entirely.
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Because the group of communists, led by melted don't
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flee from the areas of persecution and execution and set up bases in the mountains in southern China under pressure under threat but they survive.
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They have some Russia systems.
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This is a fascinating point, Russia, the Soviet Union, never believed in Chinese communist.
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I mean by that. It never believed the Chinese Communist of themselves could create a communist society as they had done in Russia, what they must do their Stalin preach this to them.
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Don't say what you must do in China you communists. Give yourselves up to be martyrs for the call die for the cause of a bullish on revolution first or the middle class before that can be a truly pregnant tab and workers workers in China.
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There were a few but the Marxist said, 85% of Chinese peasant
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contribution to communism. He said yes, we are essentially a peasant community, and therefore our revolution, must be a peasant revolution. It will be Marxist, it will conform to the great demands of class warfare, but it won't be a workers revolution
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in the sense that Russia.
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You'll be a peasant revolution. And that was heresy to Moscow to start a company, and that's why you have that long running battle ideological battle between China and the Soviet Union.
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I think running right through to the end of congressman China, and soon in a sense.
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Today given, sino Russian possibility.
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But having nearly destroyed the communists Chiang Kai Shek then sets up a Nationalist government, which obtained which last right through to 1949.
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So for over two decades, Chiang Kai Shek is the face of of China, and he wasn't admiration and support by the Western world.
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They didn't know communism, and maybe some of them might have heard these, these bands the rural bandits as they were called out to the mountains, but nobody, nobody have nobody understanding or a parent on standards for the gross but China was about
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extraordinary story when you go back, 1920s 30s, very few Western understood.
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China in the sense of internal politics and they accepted Chiang Kai Shek as the true representative China and the future of China lady with his Nationalist Party.
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He pushed that idea.
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And his financial dealings he got lots of foreign money by presenting that
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was because it was based upon a falsity, but one which would believe by by most of the rest of the world until the Second World War, let's come to that.
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The other another huge factor in shaping Chinese company is the Japanese occupation, which is there from 1931 to 45.
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Technically the war. The Pacific war starts in 1937, but from 31, Japan occupied parts of China Manchuria in the north particular.
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And they've been very brutal the Chinese, the Japanese I think about in their treatment of China.
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The idea of the being Asian, just to cut any ice.
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And so the bitterness that China felt towards a foreigner is intensified bitterness towards the company. There's always been rivalry and tension between those two countries, Japan and China, but this is intensified by Japan's attempt to take China.
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One might say why was Japan so hostile to China, and it's really a matter of belief in survival.
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The Japanese believe if they didn't take areas of Asia, talking with China, they would run shorter central supplies the key ones being rapper, and oil.
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If they couldn't have left Japan would die.
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And that needs stressing because one, because sometimes things just get people simply aggressive, but they were bad style, but there was a logic to it might be.
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I thought you wouldn't accept, but they believe that only by taking over parts of Asia, could they survive as a Japanese people.
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Thanks their attack upon China and occupation to 31 or no attempt to cooperate.
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They did call it a cooperation.
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But it was the imposition of Japanese or authority done very brutally.
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That's the tragedy.
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I mean, it's unpleasant have to say this good I think it's true.
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The treatment by the Japanese of the Chinese was as bad if not worse matric by the Nazis of the Jews in Europe.
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The savagery exposed towards the camps was set up in such a great deal.
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But it's worth, stressing because it does again intensify China's concept, we could only say that so
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how do we get rid of the Japanese, how do we get rid of the foreigner, how do we stand up to the to be the Soviet Union, have you stand up to capitalism and United States.
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We do have a cell.
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And that's a deep conviction developed throughout the communist era story to today, and then go back on the key points.
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Today, and then go back on the key points.
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When the war ends. Second World War ended 945, where they can go check believed that the Americans would come in and help him, push all the components, out of China, just as they were pushing the Japanese out.
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That's how you believe what happened, didn't need to happen because the bombs were dropped and Japan surrendered.
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So there's no need for major American Allied invasion of time.
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So tank effect, three of the Americans rolling up the communists and push him into the sea. That never materialized to challenge great disappointment.
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What happens instead is that when the Japanese surrender, they surrender to the nearest Chinese authority. And in many cases those authorities were communists, particularly in the north in The Manchurian region.
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And so, there's a great list for the Chinese comments, they are now recognized by Japan as legitimate accept as absurd in the form of Great Britain this of the national Sunday.
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This leads to a major Civil War. In fact they've been fighting each other right through the Japanese war anyway, but a major war breaks out night 546, and last two to 1949.
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And the nationals are defeated communist and about when, when very effectively.
00:27:15.000 --> 00:27:20.000
Chiang Kai Shek fleas to Taiwan.
00:27:20.000 --> 00:27:33.000
Taiwan, very much tied in with this of course, and in Taiwan, Chiang Kai Shek and that to set up a new China's I called it like to be the true China Mainland China is now communist and October the first 1949.
00:27:33.000 --> 00:27:49.000
Now, broadcast from the Forbidden City from the balcony of the Southern Gate City, and he says, famous words. We have stood up and he meant by that. We have arrived, as a separate independent people.
00:27:49.000 --> 00:28:03.000
We may struggled to prove that. But we now know that we have the means to be a truly independent restored, China, and will restore China by our communist methods.
00:28:03.000 --> 00:28:06.000
And I would stress that aspect.
00:28:06.000 --> 00:28:08.000
I think when you're looking at Mount to Tom and China.
00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:14.000
It's worth remembering what for him came first, was China.
00:28:14.000 --> 00:28:27.000
Communism came second for him communism Marxism was a means philosophically politically to the end of Chinese regeneration, the restoration of Chinese great.
00:28:27.000 --> 00:28:38.000
That's the critical factor on all revolutionaries I would suggest in China are carried along, look that we want to restore trying to do great.
00:28:38.000 --> 00:28:45.000
It's a great nation, Sally and humiliated by the western by Japan, but we now have arrived we stood up again.
00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:57.000
That's the power, and that justifies for him, but for all the policies. He then follow again taking this food. He lost right to see that at the moment.
00:28:57.000 --> 00:29:01.000
Don't shopping for for a level of energy.
00:29:01.000 --> 00:29:11.000
It takes over from Mount mount dies in 76, and two years later, dung Xiaoping emergence from the party
00:29:11.000 --> 00:29:27.000
with the Communist Party power struggle, we still don't know the full details, but he emergence as he says we have to change tack on rates. We can't find a mouse policies, economically, because they will not create Chinese great.
00:29:27.000 --> 00:29:34.000
And you ever see an equation because he said, Now, great man, great figure.
00:29:34.000 --> 00:29:39.000
It will 70% right and 40% wrong.
00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:50.000
Very clever that when Stalin was denounced by Chris Johnson 1956. He was denounced totally led to the breakdown of the Soviet Union.
00:29:50.000 --> 00:30:00.000
Now, Doug. That wasn't the way to do it. So he didn't condemn, he still revered him as it's great social present revolution, but he said he got certain things wrong.
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:06.000
And those are the things we can modify and what he meant was, Malcolm economics.
00:30:06.000 --> 00:30:19.000
He thought you could build a modern economy, purely on roughed up purely on Chinese effort that you didn't need Trey commerce, you could do it simply by my sheer willpower.
00:30:19.000 --> 00:30:34.000
Marvelous concept, but very unrealistic economics. And so you can get the second revolution in his last night.
00:30:34.000 --> 00:30:37.000
Society remarkable, remarkable.
00:30:37.000 --> 00:30:43.000
It says, commerce and trade production commerce, other means to Chinese advancement.
00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:50.000
That's the party bus for that we make ourselves rich, and that includes making ourselves rich individually.
00:30:50.000 --> 00:31:05.000
Now how can that fit into a Marxist communist message. How can fit into the confusion measured message of collective endeavor. And that's a fascinating achievement, shopping, that he turns Chinese in a different direction.
00:31:05.000 --> 00:31:18.000
But, and this is the big but he still maintain the political control of the party can change the economics but it makes no ground gives no ground on politics.
00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:24.000
The party must rule. The people must obey the party, the hierarchy must be mentioning.
00:31:24.000 --> 00:31:27.000
I know she'll follow him.
00:31:27.000 --> 00:31:36.000
People like GM in fact very much done champions policy, we come now to our president leader Xi Jinping.
00:31:36.000 --> 00:31:40.000
Some say because the governance of the party. He's been there since 212.
00:31:40.000 --> 00:31:43.000
And, but
00:31:43.000 --> 00:31:51.000
almost absolute. Now, China watches say he can't last forever.
00:31:51.000 --> 00:32:04.000
Not in terms of longevity, but he can't last forever politically. So watch this space. At the moment he seems to print. But, but, but, in total Chinese politics, which are very difficult a feather.
00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:13.000
They don't give the, the public releases that we would like we never quite know who's up and who's now in Chinese tradition, certainly Chinese communist.
00:32:13.000 --> 00:32:15.000
So we'll have to wait on that, but the new mouse is not a bad way of suggesting.
00:32:15.000 --> 00:32:29.000
But the new mo is not a bad way of suggesting. Well, let's take the stage further in terms of 22 months, I've mentioned the shock to the Chinese in 1919.
00:32:29.000 --> 00:32:33.000
When their lands were taken.
00:32:33.000 --> 00:32:44.000
Japanese. This leads to an outburst of anger, we call the 19th of May the Fourth Movement, and it intensify the idea of nationalism and revolution.
00:32:44.000 --> 00:32:49.000
We've mentioned wallet wallet is, why not get rid of a trick here.
00:32:49.000 --> 00:32:53.000
Actually the Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.
00:32:53.000 --> 00:32:56.000
Now wasn't attendance.
00:32:56.000 --> 00:33:01.000
So in the keep the legends of now being the great inspiration from the beginning.
00:33:01.000 --> 00:33:06.000
They said, it really began in 1922. And if you go to Shanghai.
00:33:06.000 --> 00:33:15.000
There's a room above a restaurant in Shanghai, which is said to be the meeting place of the handful 12 or so of the early comments to form the party. And my name is there.
00:33:15.000 --> 00:33:25.000
And now the name is there. But technically would be purely accurate. The party is formed the year earlier. Well wasn't there is a detail.
00:33:25.000 --> 00:33:28.000
significant but you might think that each other.
00:33:28.000 --> 00:33:40.000
So from 22 and we have a Communist Party. I mentioned, it begins in alliance with the Nationalist Party, you have the great revolution. And it begins under the sway of Moscow, under the sway of Soviet communism.
00:33:40.000 --> 00:33:46.000
Why, because the communists in, in Russia said look we know the story of revolution we've done it.
00:33:46.000 --> 00:33:55.000
We've done it, five years we've had a revolution, we know how it works. You must listen to us. We will come to you with our advisors, and we will tell you the path to follow.
00:33:55.000 --> 00:34:05.000
And of course at first because had no power and so the Chinese Communist followed that. Now, with all this angered by it but he knew that you could reject out of hand.
00:34:05.000 --> 00:34:16.000
You didn't need socket support with it, but he always believed that when the moment came Chinese come into a set itself as a separate distinct form of communism.
00:34:16.000 --> 00:34:18.000
From a Marxist.
00:34:18.000 --> 00:34:21.000
So they were the two parties.
00:34:21.000 --> 00:34:28.000
Good night, coming down GMT for short means the Nationalist Party CCP Chinese Communist Party.
00:34:28.000 --> 00:34:28.000
Okay.
00:34:28.000 --> 00:34:36.000
So the aim of those parties when they come to go get rid of all ism Warlordism and end the foreign precedence.
00:34:36.000 --> 00:34:47.000
That's why they come by. However, I mentioned that you had, I think, in 1927, Chiang Kai Shek turned on his comments on those tries to destroy them.
00:34:47.000 --> 00:35:00.000
Almost does, they survive, but it's gonna be, we might say, and he governs China effectively not wholly with China's too big to government, but effectively in the eyes of the Western world.
00:35:00.000 --> 00:35:03.000
He governs Chinese the face of China.
00:35:03.000 --> 00:35:07.000
From 1927 right through to 49 that carries him for the war.
00:35:07.000 --> 00:35:22.000
And he's seen in the Western world, as the great hero resisting the Japanese, that's an exaggeration, because very often he wasn't resisting comments we're doing it in the north, certainly, but the the western concept was Chiang Kai Shek is leading this
00:35:22.000 --> 00:35:24.000
great anti Japanese war effort.
00:35:24.000 --> 00:35:40.000
Well, that ends in 45 the war, and suddenly chat, doesn't get his way, you believe in the comments we pushed out by the Allied invasion of China that doesn't happen, and instead we have the competency began to assert themselves as a distinct party separate
00:35:40.000 --> 00:35:46.000
from the nationalists and able to foresee a future where they might well be in control.
00:35:46.000 --> 00:35:50.000
Now, first conceived off in terms of partition.
00:35:50.000 --> 00:36:06.000
The early comments on the mobile phone.
00:36:06.000 --> 00:36:14.000
let the Nationals have the south, and indeed that was what started said, Don't try and when you're not strong enough.
00:36:14.000 --> 00:36:18.000
You've got to cooperate with other revolutionaries. Don't go too low.
00:36:18.000 --> 00:36:24.000
And now it didn't like being told what to do. He had to, for the sake of the party survival.
00:36:24.000 --> 00:36:33.000
But he was embittered by Stalin's dismissal of Chinese communism, as not being really the work of the force of the future.
00:36:33.000 --> 00:36:37.000
So that's what rankles in all this.
00:36:37.000 --> 00:36:52.000
Well, that's come from now himself, he wins a civil war, takes over as leader in 1949. And the next quarter century, he governs China, it becomes absolutely.
00:36:52.000 --> 00:36:58.000
And the cultural now becomes the outstanding feature of China, in that period.
00:36:58.000 --> 00:37:01.000
And then, the three critical
00:37:01.000 --> 00:37:05.000
chosen the three critical element in mouths governance of China.
00:37:05.000 --> 00:37:07.000
The Great Leap Forward.
00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:08.000
Four years 58.
00:37:08.000 --> 00:37:18.000
That's what I would suggest it was mouse belief that Tony by their own efforts and sometimes literally by the work of their own hand.
00:37:18.000 --> 00:37:24.000
The mass Chinese people present community could build a modern economy.
00:37:24.000 --> 00:37:35.000
They have bigger than Jcv they would do the sheer numbers of the Chinese and the shared willpower they could bring to bear would create a new modern industrialized China.
00:37:35.000 --> 00:37:45.000
It was a mistake of course on his part, but he argued it with such conviction, it became. It became the decree that people had to confirmed.
00:37:45.000 --> 00:37:57.000
And this great leap leap leap over the topic, and they bleed over the Western world, and they match United States. That was the great dream for four years.
00:37:57.000 --> 00:38:06.000
This massively forward is followed. And it's because it's based on the idea of collect devising the peasant.
00:38:06.000 --> 00:38:17.000
Don't let private and continue, make everybody work individually, collectively, but not for their own sake. They work as individuals for the greater good.
00:38:17.000 --> 00:38:20.000
And if they don't do that there must be punished and in prison.
00:38:20.000 --> 00:38:24.000
And the great belief was established to education.
00:38:24.000 --> 00:38:36.000
Younger talk this China survived so it's of, and therefore we must act collectively we must have our back sliders are critics of the party, a party knows best.
00:38:36.000 --> 00:38:39.000
We must follow. Because mouse is the party.
00:38:39.000 --> 00:38:43.000
So the cultural mouth develops
00:38:43.000 --> 00:38:45.000
from the little red book.
00:38:45.000 --> 00:38:48.000
Can I just stop share for a moment.
00:38:48.000 --> 00:38:54.000
You may have this if you've been to China. You've been picked up your copy. I hope so. Cuz it's great historical documents.
00:38:54.000 --> 00:38:59.000
Are they going to collect them. When I went to China first. I've got quite a few numbers languages.
00:38:59.000 --> 00:39:13.000
I was in China once that's before a great demonstration and outside my hotel, the young people waving their, their books. So I went to the window.
00:39:13.000 --> 00:39:25.000
But actually read him.
00:39:25.000 --> 00:39:35.000
really not by agree with their policies but but what is in touch with to bend the rules occasionally. Well, moms domination of China is extraordinary.
00:39:35.000 --> 00:39:47.000
And it's so deep and profound. Back to my things it so they prefer, but it marks, China from that point on
00:39:47.000 --> 00:39:54.000
the top of the idea that this Supreme Being this picture me of virtue.
00:39:54.000 --> 00:40:10.000
This product of 2000 years of Chinese culture. Now is the end product of that extraordinary notion, particularly when you think this is a Marxist philosophy that he's teaching, which speaks of the collective will of the people.
00:40:10.000 --> 00:40:18.000
But the people's will express to now, as it had been Of course,
00:40:18.000 --> 00:40:27.000
it's making sure to help great communist leaders, speak folder parties speak to go to Cuba. Think upon part.
00:40:27.000 --> 00:40:36.000
I can think of no communist system that hasn't produced a great leader who claim to speak for the people who is the party, and is the people's representative.
00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:54.000
And now's a great example of what the culture of my book and all that. And then we have another extraordinary development in human history.
00:40:54.000 --> 00:41:09.000
but his revolution might be betrayed once he died, he says, I must leave my mark on China. So I must create a Chinese culture, as a sexually malice and communist, and we do it through control from the top we do it through us.
00:41:09.000 --> 00:41:12.000
It has to be absolute.
00:41:12.000 --> 00:41:24.000
It's a very bitter time, very bitter time. Millions die in the course of justice millions died in the great need for. I mean some 35 million died during the Great Leap Forward.
00:41:24.000 --> 00:41:28.000
These are man made famous diabetics.
00:41:28.000 --> 00:41:42.000
And the Cultural Revolution no less is a suppression of any attempt at challenge or criticism, and the party designs up amazing piece of domination.
00:41:42.000 --> 00:41:47.000
And I would suggest it could be understood in terms of confusion notions of hierarchy.
00:41:47.000 --> 00:41:50.000
That's where the blend becomes.
00:41:50.000 --> 00:41:53.000
Well,
00:41:53.000 --> 00:41:55.000
illustration.
00:41:55.000 --> 00:42:05.000
I mentioned rivalries here not time to deal with it individually, but now has a long running dispute with the Soviet Union. Now in style and melon Christian bound Regiment, in which he says China's got it right.
00:42:05.000 --> 00:42:08.000
and you people back in Europe got it wrong.
00:42:08.000 --> 00:42:15.000
So the peoples of the world you want to follow Mark has must follow the Chinese, not the subject line.
00:42:15.000 --> 00:42:16.000
A bit of cash at 19 59,000,069.
00:42:16.000 --> 00:42:23.000
At 1959 men in 69, the Soviet Union, and now almost came to war with.
00:42:23.000 --> 00:42:32.000
They turn their rockets across Asia towards the top, not fully known in the West, we have been terrified have we know what was going on, but that subject.
00:42:32.000 --> 00:42:35.000
Chinese rivalry.
00:42:35.000 --> 00:42:37.000
There's the great man.
00:42:37.000 --> 00:42:44.000
It just overlooks tenement square, and it's still on the back notes that you
00:42:44.000 --> 00:42:59.000
just read horrible figures the great leak for those that are comfortable figures in the great in the major provinces, through commercial through click ization.
00:42:59.000 --> 00:43:03.000
And so the idea there was such a thing as socialist or communist science.
00:43:03.000 --> 00:43:12.000
And they felt for fraud, like cinco said, oh, I've discovered ways of reducing 16 years of corn
00:43:12.000 --> 00:43:19.000
and mountain leave him and put his program at operation. So the crops with it in the field, or diamond.
00:43:19.000 --> 00:43:27.000
It's an amazing piece. Now, why great revolution of 1966. This is to establish a permanent mark on China.
00:43:27.000 --> 00:43:35.000
So you're attacking the old culture or thoughts or custom old habits. And how do you do you call on the young.
00:43:35.000 --> 00:43:40.000
The young still young school children in their early teens, calling on there.
00:43:40.000 --> 00:43:53.000
And it's remarkable how the young rally to an aging meltdown, as they become so extreme and bitter, as the young often can be.
00:43:53.000 --> 00:43:57.000
That's the terrifying aspect. But for 10 years.
00:43:57.000 --> 00:44:04.000
China is convulsed with its cultural revolution against which no criticism can be made, until it's over.
00:44:04.000 --> 00:44:19.000
And then of course, I think we mentioned again, those are just list those methods of the revolution idealism terror coercion, in some regards beyond the pale a the People's Liberation Army would impose it.
00:44:19.000 --> 00:44:22.000
And these are the enemies. The victim.
00:44:22.000 --> 00:44:36.000
Landlords rich peasants reactionaries you can anybody mount disapproved of suspicious was listed under this sort of categorization results genocide.
00:44:36.000 --> 00:44:54.000
And the outcome of this which we still are wounded by the great spread of concentration camps across China between 49 and 76, which far out match anything in Europe, that's been developed in the days of the Nazis.
00:44:54.000 --> 00:45:05.000
And just to quote the last figure, but Mao's death. There was some thousand labor camps, still operating across China, and 25 million prisons its record died in the course of mouse.
00:45:05.000 --> 00:45:07.000
Cultural Revolution.
00:45:07.000 --> 00:45:15.000
Terrifying figures. Well, let's just touch on this before we we close out the second revolution and shopping I've mentioned.
00:45:15.000 --> 00:45:19.000
He didn't attack openly he just said there was something wrong.
00:45:19.000 --> 00:45:22.000
And he said, what we can have is modern communism.
00:45:22.000 --> 00:45:32.000
One country to system, and that was to cover the idea. It could be capitalist while still being politically communist its applied then you may remember to Hong Kong.
00:45:32.000 --> 00:45:45.000
Subsequently, but that's the idea that dung Xiaoping introduces. It's a reinterpretation of communism in economics, brilliant piece of analysis. There's the great little man.
00:45:45.000 --> 00:45:53.000
And then we come finally to Xi Jinping China's new Meb.
00:45:53.000 --> 00:46:04.000
This is the figure that people be quoting recently. But what was it in the 1990s the size of Netherlands in terms of economies GDP.
00:46:04.000 --> 00:46:13.000
Under dung Xiaoping took the CG didn't think it would be opposite the largest economy in the works, amazing transformation.
00:46:13.000 --> 00:46:30.000
Yeah, I'll close with these here are the major characteristics, I think of China today and the sheet, Chicken human industrial growth obviously nuclear superpower, allegedly communist Deepika lesson.
00:46:30.000 --> 00:46:39.000
said you couldn't do. You couldn't have a capital economy, and a communist system, it would work. But China's disproved it.
00:46:39.000 --> 00:46:49.000
In the last 30 years, the colonial this this is fascinating to be the Belt, One Road initiative to speak Chinese influence commercially across the whole world.
00:46:49.000 --> 00:46:54.000
And the takeover of many parts of Africa by
00:46:54.000 --> 00:46:59.000
major loans and grants to, to African governments.
00:46:59.000 --> 00:47:13.000
Lot of corruption in this but that's, that's one of the moves that China's would make it such power we sometimes call it in China itself censorship and massive a box, China, but it's in keeping with our hierarchical notion.
00:47:13.000 --> 00:47:27.000
So what would what struck you and me if it would have been deeply unacceptable to many most Chinese I'd say censorship a massive requirement of a healthy communist society.
00:47:27.000 --> 00:47:41.000
And the rebels are the exceptions, rather than all miss I'll close with, and it's the most significant of all the sino centric suspicion of the outside world, China doesn't trust the outside world.
00:47:41.000 --> 00:47:44.000
One particular example that you can think of climate change in the green.
00:47:44.000 --> 00:47:49.000
In the West, it's very biggest and most nations the western have bought into that.
00:47:49.000 --> 00:47:55.000
The Chinese don't why don't know because they don't trust the West.
00:47:55.000 --> 00:48:05.000
Chinese believe that this green movement this push for emissions control is the way of standing start to fight, preventing Chinese industrial growth.
00:48:05.000 --> 00:48:12.000
We've ruined the world for two centuries. So the Chinese you have, and you tell us now we will stop.
00:48:12.000 --> 00:48:19.000
I think it lies at the base of so much disagreement. And of course we have military possibilities.
00:48:19.000 --> 00:48:36.000
Think of Taiwan, Hong Kong, whether that will come to open conflict that we don't know. But that was that was a major concern with this now, but he, but he pressing issue.
00:48:36.000 --> 00:48:38.000
I put a pause there.
00:48:38.000 --> 00:48:43.000
Because I've just gotten tend to
00:48:43.000 --> 00:48:58.000
Michael that was absolutely fascinating. And I was particularly, particularly found the five defining factors that you talked about right at the start, particularly interesting and for, for everything that was to come after.
00:48:58.000 --> 00:49:06.000
Right, not shooting no makeup, and we're going questions. Okay.
00:49:06.000 --> 00:49:16.000
Okay. Right. Let me just get my chat open here. Now we've got a few questions here. I'm just going to start from the beginning.
00:49:16.000 --> 00:49:20.000
So, let me see.
00:49:20.000 --> 00:49:27.000
Yeah, we've got a question here from an we worry about us, Chinese relations.
00:49:27.000 --> 00:49:37.000
And indeed, us and our relations with Russia at the moment that could be said, and but do you think Russia and China could ever have a war.
00:49:37.000 --> 00:49:42.000
Yes, that's always a possibility,
00:49:42.000 --> 00:49:44.000
how it would come about.
00:49:44.000 --> 00:49:47.000
Neighbors always round up.
00:49:47.000 --> 00:49:50.000
But if your neighbors across the border, the tensions even greater.
00:49:50.000 --> 00:49:59.000
And if you both have aspirations to greatness and leadership and Putin appears to. Certainly, she did. Big in America today, traditional.
00:49:59.000 --> 00:50:11.000
It's very conceivable frightening Lee conceivable, they would crash on a critical issue like border disputes, which may seem minor to us, but they've been there.
00:50:11.000 --> 00:50:17.000
If there's a serious collapse of economies in the world economy.
00:50:17.000 --> 00:50:32.000
The Chinese, the motor possibilities. There's no saying that they both to make a nation might not come to conflict come to blows in order to survive. And that's what helped me was to look at historical record of economic collapse or decline.
00:50:32.000 --> 00:50:35.000
And you lash out in order to survive.
00:50:35.000 --> 00:50:37.000
I could conceivably.
00:50:37.000 --> 00:50:40.000
the idea of peaceful developed between the two.
00:50:40.000 --> 00:50:48.000
And they talk about Xi Jinping and couldn't have met a couple of times and a very courteous and polite to each other. But underneath there was a deep suspicion.
00:50:48.000 --> 00:50:54.000
I repeat, the point, China does not trust the outside world, starting with Russia.
00:50:54.000 --> 00:51:00.000
It doesn't believe any other nation has Chinese interest at heart.
00:51:00.000 --> 00:51:02.000
So it will sign up to protocols and.
00:51:02.000 --> 00:51:11.000
But it's always concerned that these are a form of foreign intervention of foreign control.
00:51:11.000 --> 00:51:17.000
More detail, but it is conceivable unfortunately sadly tragically Yes.
00:51:17.000 --> 00:51:31.000
Okay. Thank you, Michael. Okay, we've had a couple of people actually title and and I've asked a very similar question actually. And that is, if you could possibly talk a little bit about the difference between a workers revolution and a peasant revolution,
00:51:31.000 --> 00:51:44.000
a good point, they caught in pure communist theory the dialectic revolution has to follow a given path, scientific, it must follow that pattern. What has to boil 100 degrees.
00:51:44.000 --> 00:51:54.000
And just as I think the natural world so in the political, social world, the pattern of nature, class war has to follow a pattern that can't be broken.
00:51:54.000 --> 00:51:59.000
And the pattern is as marks taught them and then picked up the Workers of the World.
00:51:59.000 --> 00:52:02.000
The Industrial Workers the factory work.
00:52:02.000 --> 00:52:09.000
They are the proletariat because they can take on capitalism at its heart, hasn't come.
00:52:09.000 --> 00:52:24.000
So when Mao said in China, a communist revolution will be a present revolution. This was pure heresy. In the eyes of Kremlin ideologues now use the word heresy strictly, the belief that there are certain truths, you cannot chatter.
00:52:24.000 --> 00:52:42.000
So Maoism communism in China does a from the ideologues in the Kremlin, who believe that they have understood the science of revolution, and it has to be a prototype and workers revolution, industrial was it cannot come from the peasants, they could get
00:52:42.000 --> 00:52:54.000
joined in a rapidly.
00:52:54.000 --> 00:53:04.000
You can load them within to beat them direction, but they don't have initiative. You can't build a revolution on President Mao said, We are present, our nation as a present community.
00:53:04.000 --> 00:53:08.000
It has to be a present evolution. That's the great divide.
00:53:08.000 --> 00:53:12.000
And I think it would undermine
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Russian tension, the different stages of stages of develop look down on the Chinese to their cost of course eventually, but they believe that China couldn't develop couldn't have a revolution.
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That's extraordinary, but it's a it's an interpretation of basic marks. Basic Marx's marxism-leninism, which is scientifically claim.
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You can't break the rules.
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Just as you can't break the rules aside follows a certain pattern has to be followed in communism. To achieve the end of the perfect classless society, not time to go to all that, but the dialectic the driving force the dynamic of social change its class
00:53:57.000 --> 00:54:09.000
struggle, based upon the ultimate victory of the proletariat the industrial workers overthrow the capitalist bosses. The peasants can't do that to the Soviet Union.
00:54:09.000 --> 00:54:21.000
And now said, Yes, we can and will have to be different. Interesting. Thank you very much. I hope that answers your question cattle, and and no another question here from Gil.
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Where did the Long March fit in. Oh, thank you. Yes. fascinating point.
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I mentioned I think earlier, that just after Chiang Kai Shek to tip to crush the communists in 97, a number of very clever, thoughtful communists broke away, including went to the hills of the Southern south of China, and set up little subjects, they
00:54:44.000 --> 00:54:51.000
call them in to the nationalist and challenging, of course, the Soviet Union.
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The mattress under have a citizen recorded subsequent campaign to squeeze those pockets of comments resistance, squeeze them to destruction.
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And now, in 1934 say, we gotta go. We can't stay where we are, will be crushed. So we must go con raids, to some haven in the north, we might find. So let's just take the journey, which becomes.
00:55:14.000 --> 00:55:28.000
It lasts about a year. Couple of 6000 miles. These figures battery. But, and they're under attack the whole time, but the Japanese and by the National, but they serve 100,000 plus set up
00:55:28.000 --> 00:55:50.000
in the North Sea. And it's there that now builds that submit Chinese submit that nice right to to 1949, which breaks out to mainland China, and Wednesday, civil war, but the, the Soviet between 35 and 49 is the great base of Chinese communism, which eventually
00:55:50.000 --> 00:55:52.000
takes over the whole of China.
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So the March is the beginning of that breakaway that leads to the survival and the dominance of the Chinese Communist.
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It's a fascinating story in itself, lot of myths attached to it.
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But the basic story is told that they survived.
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Just about this long march, most of the women died on the march on it now becomes diamond in the party during that, because he he follows the path that takes them to salvation.
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Today, let's go to, let's go to the Soviet Union. Let's go west he said no we go north. And that, that's our survival, and he was right.
00:56:26.000 --> 00:56:32.000
And I give you, huge kudos to Chief prestige and his domination of the party dates from there.
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I'd add to the last book now is savagely.
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It wasn't mostly Chrome for its own sake, but he believes, unless you crush you will never completely wipe out the cancer, it will come back to us that sort of medical image grim story, faster, same time.
00:57:02.000 --> 00:57:05.000
Excellent. Okay.
00:57:05.000 --> 00:57:24.000
Question from did did mother mo play a significant part in shipping Chinese communism. She believes mo had committed her to an asylum for a time, so that's, that's a, that's another wonderful line with enough to take now and john Chen his wife, extraordinary
00:57:24.000 --> 00:57:26.000
woman
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and her beliefs.
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He said she was more balanced than I am.
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Because he meant by that she was so extreme she'd never get word on a, on a point of philosophy or policy political theory, but he used. She wants said he was his attack dog. she was arrested off his death in prison for life.
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He died in prison subset committed suicide. He was dumped off of importance during his time was that she laid the Cultural Revolution on it strictly cultural side.
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She was the one he commissioned to end on Communist or non mouse culture. So music painting opera, books, you know, many aspects of culture. It had to be memorized it had to be made to conform to mouse concept of proletarian peasant misplaced revolution.
00:58:23.000 --> 00:58:37.000
could be at stake. Now say the cheat sheet, put this into practice. You can't have you can't have culture as a distinct aspect of life. It's part of the cultural pattern, it must reflect the nature of our communist society.
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It's not, It's not a nice thing to do the weekend.
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comes in built into the political system.
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That's why the revolution, so sweeping it had to be absent. Get rid of all aspects of reaction.
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And she led the way that she had these special offers, written and performed. They were very very tedious went on forever, but you couldn't say that of course he loves.
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That's why it's such a great time will be poets who was in prison say it, what happened during the Cultural Revolution. We have no culture was as destructive as that.
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music was decorated with Porsche.
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It took some time to rebuild. Some say hasn't yet been rebuilt.
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China still suffers from the depth of the Cultural Revolution parent.
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Amazing phenomenal in human history.
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Okay, I think we've probably got time we're going to run over very slightly but I think we've got time for another couple of questions and then we'll need to call it a D and interesting one here from Elizabeth, can you compare the creation of Communist
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leaders with the president development of populist leaders.
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Ah. Ah, yes, that's a nice one isn't it populism, which we associate with the idea of leaders, going above politics appealing to the people directly. Some say feel about this, but Margaret Thatcher, was the first major populist in recent British history.
01:00:16.000 --> 01:00:33.000
But that notion that certain leaders certain politicians, understand the people in a way the ordinary politicians don't that indeed is the reason why comments leaders could emerge like like stone and like Lenny like punk punk like Castro.
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They claim a special a special understanding of the circumstances of revolution and wanted to establish that then they become accepted, very hard to challenge them is an absolute is in a sense it goes back to the brother like divine right monarchy, or
01:00:50.000 --> 01:01:04.000
or absolute monarchy in the days of the Chinese Emperor's, there are right in some way they are, God given didn't mean go to the personal set, but nature in some way as as granted these leaders insight and understanding denied to the, to the ordinary
01:01:04.000 --> 01:01:21.000
person. So what the boardroom revolution was to is to follow the leader for the great figures, they know that the high priests of the movement. He was a religious analogy, and it does, it does work in the political sense in those countries, eventually
01:01:21.000 --> 01:01:35.000
breaks down, but it works from all the way to progress in public life is to accept that concept of almost divine leadership and smile If read book, but Stalin's Federation.
01:01:35.000 --> 01:01:36.000
It is remarkable.
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Whether it's populist in the sense we stand is a tricky one I like the question, but I think there must be a connection Yes, the idea of leaders being necessary.
01:01:47.000 --> 01:02:04.000
Do we need leaders in politics, do we need Boris, do we need keep you name your favorite. Are they need. Yes, we'd say, because party structures need for more information required there I say it again hierarchy.
01:02:04.000 --> 01:02:19.000
So populism isn't the same as communism, but I can see where the question would arise. The idea of the leaders of major movements within the democratic whether their capacity, but they come together.
01:02:19.000 --> 01:02:25.000
Something that's a dangerous.
01:02:25.000 --> 01:02:38.000
Some would point to to right wing movements in Nazi Nazi Germany, or the Trump phenomenon in United States. Someone say that that's popular go wrong word.
01:02:38.000 --> 01:02:46.000
But the idea of leaders being necessary to give definition to movements, that's critical.
01:02:46.000 --> 01:02:50.000
You think of the suffragettes, they need leaders didn't like to define the policy.
01:02:50.000 --> 01:02:56.000
Think of the trade unions, you need major figures to define trade union policy.
01:02:56.000 --> 01:02:59.000
I think it goes with political organization.
01:02:59.000 --> 01:03:05.000
But tonight's question is, what we can't resolve. But yes populism.
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Thank you.
01:03:06.000 --> 01:03:14.000
One more and then we really will need to call it a day I know that there are some other questions but we will be taking them away afterwards so don't worry about that.
01:03:14.000 --> 01:03:17.000
So we've got a question from Sue here.
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And you were talking about difference between our workers revolution peasant revolution.
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She's asking know, China has a working proletariat, could they know have a puter Marxist revolution, or the surveillance prevent that.
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Another nice question.
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I tell you what comes in here which is fascinating. China is developing quite a powerful middle class.
01:03:43.000 --> 01:03:53.000
Those who are doing well. The growth of industry and comments have become very rich and wealthy brings influence just natural phenomenon.
01:03:53.000 --> 01:03:59.000
The problem for China is how do they satisfy the middle class and still remain comics.
01:03:59.000 --> 01:04:10.000
The other related question. how do you satisfy work aspiration and still remain comments. We know that in the history of feminism. In Europe, United States.
01:04:10.000 --> 01:04:15.000
What's up, workers get more and more influence, because they become more and more important.
01:04:15.000 --> 01:04:19.000
And they have to be taken on as part of the established.
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You have to recognize the strength of training.
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Now, is that going to happen in China was gonna work grossly underpaid. One of the reasons why China could undersell most other countries, is because it's work because they're so caught up.
01:04:34.000 --> 01:04:43.000
What happened, and it's likely to happen, almost has happened in other cultures. When the workers begin to realize that they're missing out there being exploited.
01:04:43.000 --> 01:04:57.000
Will they not appeal to communist Marxist Leninist malice theory and say we want a larger share of the world's this great nation is creating, We are, we are the means of that creation.
01:04:57.000 --> 01:05:08.000
So you take that threat. Because you take the middle class aspiration. We want more and more. We want society structure so that we middle class can have more, and the workers want.
01:05:08.000 --> 01:05:11.000
You have a recipe for difficulties.
01:05:11.000 --> 01:05:24.000
And whether the party can adapt itself in such a way to take all those demand acceptable. That's a big question.
01:05:24.000 --> 01:05:32.000
Very hard, and that's where I think that's why communism has to be
01:05:32.000 --> 01:05:36.000
you. It has to impose
01:05:36.000 --> 01:05:54.000
divergent. It can't allow dissensions, because they would challenge, and the worry for Chinese communists. Is it the growth of their economy has created this powerful industrial worker class, along with a powerful mental, and they will undermine, but
01:05:54.000 --> 01:06:06.000
but he likely to undermine the concept of the workers state that's created under mouth, and since that that's the big problem for the future. China may come in for great problem.
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What I could mention this, go any further.
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One of China is the rest of the world is so indebted.
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And so dependent upon China for goods, all your Christmas decorations come from China, I bet a lot of other things in your homes. Now, that's fine, that's fine for China, so long guys that demand for goods its continued, what happens.
01:06:26.000 --> 01:06:42.000
And it's a strong possible, especially thought West goes into serious decline recession spoke stroke depression possibility, then the demand for Chinese goods would fall away, and China wouldn't have sufficient domestic uptake to make up for the loss
01:06:42.000 --> 01:06:54.000
of international demand. That's another Chinese themselves point to the other thought on this. Another part to me in China last week to Chinese and confidence on this one.
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And they said, we've lost our soul that we've become rich, becoming richer, but what do we represented.
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We don't have abundant element within Chinese society, communism is a matter for the party only 12% during the party anyway. So what did we as a people get from the system.
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Where is the soul where is the, the element the buying. Where's the confusion notion of solidarity and harmony. If that is seriously undermined or damaged, it could lead to serious social unrest and distress in China.
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Those are some of the possibilities of the China watches point.